Perplexity Updates: Comet, Publisher Deals and the Legal Docket

The answer engine's product moves, its publisher economics, and the eleven-case legal docket that now defines the beat.

Last updated: Last checked: Comet free on iPhone, Mac, Windows and Android; ads discontinued; eleven lawsuits tracked across three countries
780MQueries in May 2025The last usage figure Perplexity disclosed
80%Comet Plus revenue promised to publishersFrom a $42.5M initial pool
11Lawsuits on the tracked docketUS, Japan and Italy, as of Aug 2026
$34.5BUnsolicited bid for Google ChromeAugust 2025; Google did not engage

This page tracks Perplexity, the AI answer engine, as it matters to site owners: the Comet browser and its agentic fights, the publisher compensation models, the crawler-trust story, and a legal docket that has grown to eleven cases across the US, Japan and Italy.

Perplexity discloses very little on a schedule, so this beat runs on court records, measured accusations and dated primary coverage. Its last official usage figure is 780 million queries, from May 2025; treat any newer number you see elsewhere with suspicion.

We update within a day or two of significant changes, and every claim links to a source we have read, including the court documents.

Perplexity timeline: 2022 to today

Every significant Perplexity change since the company's founding, newest first, from fetched primary sources including court records. Rows link to our full coverage where it exists.

One dot per milestone, one lane per event type. The Legal lane is the densest on any page in this section. Hover a dot to identify it; most dots click through to the entry below.
2023202420252026Product11Availability3Data3Ads2Legal13
DateEventTypeWhy it matters
2026
Ninth Circuit vacates the Comet injunctionLegalFirst appellate holding that the user, not the AI company, "accesses" a site via an agent
Reddit's DMCA claims survive dismissalLegalSearchGuard held an access control; SERP-scraping circumvention theory reaches discovery
CNN suesLegalFirst US television network to sue an answer engine; a dissolved compensation deal behind it
Comet ships on iPhoneAvailabilityThe browser completes its platform set: iPhone, Mac, Windows, Android
District court grants Amazon a preliminary injunctionLegalComet's shopping agent enjoined; appealed within two days
Computer launches (Max only)ProductCloud agent routing 19 models; the multi-model thesis as a product
Ads program discontinuedAds"No plans to bring them back"; the 2024 revenue model dies
2025
The New York Times suesLegalRAG-focused claims from the biggest US masthead
Chicago Tribune suesLegalAdds a Comet paywall-circumvention allegation
RTI and Medusa Film sue in RomeLegalFirst Italian AI suit, aimed at training rather than retrieval
Comet ships on AndroidAvailabilityPrioritized for carrier and OEM preinstall interest
Amazon sues over Comet's shopping agentLegalThe agentic-access front opens; "Bullying is not innovation"
Getty Images licensing dealProductMulti-year; attribution and source links; consent framed as precedent
Reddit sues Perplexity, SerpApi, Oxylabs, AWMProxyLegalThe scraping supply chain becomes the defendant list
Comet goes free worldwideAvailabilitySeven publishers named to the Comet Plus launch roster
Britannica and Merriam-Webster sueLegalThe plaintiff class extends beyond news to reference publishers
Nikkei and Asahi Shimbun sue in TokyoLegal2.2 billion yen each; robots.txt and misattribution allegations
Comet Plus announced: 80% to publishersProduct$42.5M pool; pays for human visits, citations AND agent actions
SDNY denies Perplexity's motion to dismiss the Dow Jones suitLegalThe lead case stays in New York; every later plaintiff cites the forum logic
The $34.5B Chrome bidProductUnsolicited, roughly double Perplexity's own valuation; Google did not engage
Cloudflare's stealth-crawling accusationDataDelisted as a verified bot; the crawler-trust rupture the suits cite
Comet launches (Max only)ProductThe answer engine gets a browser; assistant with broad permissions
Max tier launches at $200/moProductFrontier-model access tiering begins
780M queries in May 2025 disclosedDataThe last verifiable usage figure Perplexity has published
Sonar API launchesProductSearch-grounded generation for developers; folded into an Agent API in July 2026
2024
$500M round closes at a $9B valuationDataThe scaling year ends at 17x the January valuation
Publisher program adds ~16 outletsProductLA Times, The Independent, Stern and others; NYT and News Corp absent
Ads launch in the USAdsSponsored follow-up questions; Indeed and Whole Foods first
News Corp's Dow Jones and NYP Holdings sueLegalThe docket opens: "content kleptocracy"
Publisher program launchesProductDouble-digit ad-revenue share with six launch partners
Forbes and Wired accuse Perplexity of plagiarismDataThe first trust storm; Srinivas concedes "rough edges"
Perplexity Pages launchesProductAI-generated indexable pages, at the center of the Forbes episode
2023
iOS app ships; $26M Series AProduct10M monthly visits reported for February 2023
2022
Perplexity founded; the answer engine launches later in 2022ProductThe beat begins; the exact launch day has no verifiable source

Latest updates

Legal

Ninth Circuit vacates Amazon's injunction against Comet's shopping agent

Judge Milan D. Smith, Jr., writing for the panel in Amazon v. Perplexity, held Amazon unlikely to succeed on its Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and California CDAFA claims, because the USER, not Perplexity, "accesses" Amazon when Comet's assistant acts at that user's direction.

The court's staff summary describes the disposition as having "vacated the preliminary injunction and remanded for further proceedings". Amazon's other claims survive on remand, so the case continues in the district court.

The district-court half of the fight had gone the other way: Judge Maxine Chesney granted Amazon a preliminary injunction on 9th March, five months before the appeal landed.

Why it matters beyond these parties: whether an AI agent must identify itself, or carries its user's permissions, is the open question of the agentic web. The EFF, which backed Perplexity's position, reads the ruling as protecting browser-building generally. Publishers argued the opposite as amici: Digital Content Next told the court that "advertisers pay for their ads to be seen by humans, not AI agents".

Legal

Reddit's DMCA circumvention claims against Perplexity and SerpApi survive dismissal

In a 63-page opinion, Judge Paul A. Engelmayer largely denied the motions to dismiss in Reddit v. SerpApi, Perplexity and others: the DMCA section 1201(a) circumvention claims proceed against both Perplexity and SerpApi.

Two holdings carry the weight. Google's SearchGuard was held to be a measure that controls access to copyrighted work, and Reddit was held to have standing, with the court writing, as quoted by MLex, that Reddit "epitomizes the 'global digital on-line marketplace for copyrighted works'" the DMCA protects.

Per Press Gazette's tracker, the judge found Reddit "has plausibly pleaded that Perplexity conspired with at least one of the three data scrapers to bypass access controls and obtain Reddit's material".

Not everything survived: a trafficking claim against SerpApi and the state-law unfair-competition and unjust-enrichment claims were dismissed, and Oxylabs' separate motion is still in briefing through late August.

Reddit's underlying theory, from its October 2025 complaint: the defendants scraped Reddit content out of Google's search results rather than from Reddit itself, which Reddit calls data laundering.

Legal

CNN sues Perplexity, the first US television network to sue an answer engine

Cable News Network v. Perplexity AI was filed on 28th May in the Southern District of New York and assigned to Judge Loretta A. Preska, SiliconANGLE reported, alleging "massive" infringement across thousands of stories, videos and images, plus trademark claims over misattribution.

The relationship history is what stands out: a 2025 compensation arrangement between the companies dissolved, after which CNN demanded Perplexity stop using its content and marks. CNN had separately been named a Comet Plus launch partner in October 2025; no source we have read connects the dissolved arrangement to that program, so we state the two facts separately.

Perplexity's chief communications officer Jesse Dwyer responded: "You can't copyright facts."

CNN joins News Corp's Dow Jones, the New York Times, the Chicago Tribune, Britannica and Merriam-Webster on the US docket, most of it now in front of SDNY judges.

Product

Comet ships on iPhone, completing the browser's platform story

Comet's iPhone release landed on 18th March, per 9to5Mac, a week after its planned date. That completed the platform set: iPhone, Mac, Windows and Android, with the browser free everywhere since October 2025.

The sequence had run desktop first (July 2025, initially for $200-a-month Max subscribers), then Android in November, prioritized, Perplexity said, "because of the volume of carriers and OEMs" asking to preinstall Comet.

Comet is the answer engine's distribution bet: the assistant rides along on every page, summarizes across tabs, and acts on the user's behalf, which is exactly the behavior Amazon took to court.

Product

Perplexity launches Computer, a cloud agent that routes work across 19 models

Computer, launched for $200-a-month Max subscribers, is Perplexity's cloud agentic product: it routes work across 19 AI models and spawns subagents, described as unifying "every current AI capability into a single system", per TechCrunch.

The coverage is also the best fetchable statement of which third-party models Perplexity exposes: users pick Gemini Flash for visual output, Claude Sonnet 4.5 for software engineering and GPT-5.1 for medical research, alongside Perplexity's own modified open-source models for cost.

That multi-model posture is the company's product thesis in miniature: Perplexity does not train frontier models, it orchestrates everyone else's on top of its own search index.

AdsPerplexity kills its ads program entirely

Perplexity confirmed, first to the Financial Times and then reported by Search Engine Land and MacRumors, that it has discontinued advertising with "no plans to bring them back".

A Perplexity executive framed the reversal around trust: "A user needs to believe this is the best possible answer." And: "We are in the accuracy business, and the business is giving the truth, the right answers."

The arc it closes ran fifteen months: sponsored follow-up questions launched in November 2024 with Indeed and Whole Foods, and in April 2025 CEO Aravind Srinivas had said the Comet browser would help the company "get data even outside the app to better understand you" for hyper-personalized ads.

One open question the shutdown leaves, which we have not been able to resolve from any source: the 2024 publisher program shared AD revenue with its partner outlets, so what its payouts look like with no ads to share is unverified. The publisher economics section tracks what is known.

LegalThe New York Times sues Perplexity, a day after the Chicago Tribune

The New York Times filed on 5th December, per TechCrunch, with the Chicago Tribune having filed the day before. Both aim at retrieval-augmented generation rather than model training.

The Times' framing, from its filing: "RAG allows Perplexity to crawl the internet and steal content from behind our paywall and deliver it to its customers in real time", with outputs "often verbatim or near-verbatim reproductions".

Its corrected complaint, filed February 2026, recites DMCA takedowns, an October 2024 cease-and-desist and technical blocks Perplexity allegedly evaded, and pleads direct, derivative-work and contributory counts.

Perplexity's Jesse Dwyer, to TechCrunch: "Publishers have been suing new tech companies for a hundred years...Fortunately it's never worked."

The Tribune's suit adds a Comet angle, alleging the browser circumvents its paywall. Two days earlier, Italy's RTI and Medusa Film had filed the first Italian AI suit, in Rome, aimed at TRAINING rather than retrieval, which makes that week the docket's densest.

LegalAmazon sues Perplexity over Comet's shopping agent

Amazon opened the agentic-access front on 4th November: a cease-and-desist demanding Comet's agent stop shopping on Amazon without identifying itself, and a same-day lawsuit in the Northern District of California under the CFAA and California's computer-access law, with a simultaneous preliminary-injunction motion, per TechCrunch.

Perplexity answered in a blog post titled "Bullying is not innovation", arguing that agents acting on human direction carry the user's permissions and need not self-identify.

That one disagreement, whether an agent is its user or a bot, is the case's whole substance, and it split the courts: the district court granted Amazon an injunction in March, and the Ninth Circuit vacated it in August, siding with the user-access reading for now.

This is a computer-access case, not a copyright one, which is why it matters to every agentic product and not only to answer engines.

LegalReddit sues Perplexity and the scraping supply chain behind it

Reddit filed against Perplexity AND its alleged suppliers, SerpApi, Oxylabs and AWMProxy, in the Southern District of New York, with claims led by DMCA circumvention, per the SDNY Blog's case note.

The theory is distinctive: rather than scraping Reddit directly, the defendants allegedly scraped Reddit content out of Google's search results, bypassing Reddit's own access controls. Reddit calls it data laundering.

Two allegations give it teeth. A honeypot post visible only to Google's crawler surfaced in Perplexity answers within hours. And after a cease-and-desist, Reddit says Perplexity's Reddit citations rose "roughly forty-fold", per Search Engine Journal's account of the complaint.

Perplexity posted its response on Reddit itself: "We won't be extorted, and we won't help Reddit extort Google."

The suit produced this docket's first major ruling in July 2026, when the circumvention claims survived dismissal.

ProductComet goes free worldwide, with seven publishers signed to Comet Plus

Comet went free for everyone on 2nd October after three months as a Max-subscriber exclusive with, Perplexity said, "millions" on the waitlist, per TechCrunch. Max users got a new background assistant that runs parallel tasks with a progress dashboard.

The publisher half of the launch: Press Gazette named the Comet Plus launch partners as CNN, Conde Nast, Fortune, the Los Angeles Times, the Washington Post, Le Monde and Le Figaro, with Conde Nast contributing paywalled New Yorker, Wired, Architectural Digest and Vanity Fair content.

Comet Plus was positioned as an AI-enhanced alternative to Apple News: 5 dollars a month standalone, included with Pro and Max, with 80% of its revenue promised to publishers.

A dating note for that roster: CNN sued Perplexity in May 2026 after a compensation arrangement dissolved, and Perplexity has not published a current partner list we can verify, so treat the seven names as the launch roster, not today's.

ProductComet Plus: 80% of revenue to publishers, seeded by a $42.5 million pool

Comet Plus arrived as a 5-dollar-a-month subscription with a publisher split Engadget stated plainly: "Publishers will get 80 percent of the revenue of Comet Plus, according to Perplexity, with the remaining 20 percent allocated to 'compute.'" An initial pool of 42.5 million dollars seeds the payouts and grows with subscriptions.

The design novelty is what gets compensated: three traffic types, human visits, search citations and agent actions, per Search Engine Journal. Paying for agent actions prices the exact behavior publishers complain about, an AI reading a page so a human does not have to.

It joined, rather than replaced, the 2024 publisher program, which shared ad revenue with a different partner set. The two ran in parallel, and what the older program pays now that the ads it shared are gone is an open question we track in the publisher economics section.

Archive: 1 older entry
Data

Cloudflare accuses Perplexity of stealth crawling past no-crawl directives

Cloudflare's findings, published 4th August 2025: when PerplexityBot and Perplexity-User are blocked, requests continue from an undeclared crawler, with the post stating that "Perplexity uses not only their declared user-agent, but also a generic browser intended to impersonate Google Chrome on macOS when their declared crawler was blocked".

Cloudflare observed the pattern at 3 to 6 million requests a day across tens of thousands of domains, sometimes without even fetching robots.txt, from rotating, undisclosed IPs and networks.

The consequences were structural: Cloudflare delisted Perplexity as a verified bot and shipped blocking heuristics, and the accusation echoes through the legal docket, where scraping-despite-blocks is a recurring allegation.

These are Cloudflare's measurements and characterizations. For what Perplexity's declared crawlers are supposed to do, and what blocking each one means, see the SEO section.

What is Perplexity?

An answer engine that orchestrates other companies' models over its own search index, now wrapped in a browser.

780MQueries in May 2025, the last usage figure Perplexity disclosed

Perplexity is an AI answer engine: ask a question, get a cited, synthesized answer built from live web search. Founded in August 2025's coverage terms in August 2022 and launched later that year, it grew from 10 million monthly visits in early 2023 to 780 million queries in May 2025, the last usage figure it has disclosed.

The product family around the engine: Perplexity Pages (shareable AI-built pages), the Sonar API for developers (folded into an Agent API in July 2026), the Comet browser, and Computer, the cloud agent for Max subscribers.

Tiers: Free; Pro at 20 dollars a month; Enterprise Pro at 40 dollars a seat; Max at 200 dollars; and Comet Plus, the 5-dollar publisher-funding subscription included with Pro and Max.

Perplexity trains no frontier model of its own. It routes across others, with coverage of its Computer product naming Gemini Flash, Claude Sonnet 4.5 and GPT-5.1 in use alongside Perplexity-modified open-source models. That multi-model posture, plus an appetite for distribution stunts like the 34.5-billion-dollar Chrome bid, is the company in two sentences.

A number to distrust: any 2026 Perplexity usage figure. The company has disclosed nothing verifiable since 780M queries for May 2025, and the "100M MAU" and queries-per-day numbers circulating on aggregator sites are analyst estimates wearing disclosure clothes.

Comet: the answer engine's browser

Free on every major platform since March 2026, and the subject of the year's defining agentic-access fight.

Comet is a Chromium browser with the Perplexity assistant riding along: it summarizes across tabs, manages email and calendar, navigates pages and acts on the user's behalf. Aravind Srinivas has framed it as the path to "infinite retention", and its agentic behavior is what Amazon took to court.

Platform or gateStatusSinceNotes
MacAvailableDesktop launch platform, Max subscribers and waitlist first
WindowsAvailableBy Confirmed available by the iPhone launch coverage; the exact Windows start date was never separately announced
AndroidAvailablePrioritized for carrier and OEM preinstall interest; voice mode over open tabs, ad blocker built in
iPhoneAvailableCompleted the platform set, one week later than planned
PriceFreeMax-only from launch until then, with "millions" reported on the waitlist
Background assistantMax onlyParallel agentic tasks with a progress dashboard
Shopping agent on AmazonContestedEnjoined by the district court in March 2026; injunction vacated on appeal ; case continues on remand

The legal question Comet carries is bigger than Comet: when an agent acts at a user's direction, is that the user browsing or a bot scraping? The Ninth Circuit's answer, for now, is the user. The docket section tracks the rest.

Perplexity's publisher economics: who gets paid, and from what

Two compensation programs, one dead revenue stream, and a partner roster that ended up in court.

$42.5MThe initial Comet Plus pool that seeds publisher payouts

Perplexity has built two publisher compensation systems, and understanding the difference is most of understanding its publisher story.

The 2024 publisher program shares AD revenue: a "double digit" percentage, launched July 2024 with Automattic, Der Spiegel, Entrepreneur, Fortune, the Texas Tribune and TIME, expanding that December by roughly sixteen outlets. It was born amid the Forbes and Wired plagiarism accusations, and its notable absentees, the New York Times and News Corp, both later sued.

Comet Plus, from August 2025, is subscription-funded instead: 80% of its revenue to publishers from a 42.5-million-dollar initial pool, compensating human visits, search citations and agent actions, with CNN, Conde Nast, Fortune, the LA Times, the Washington Post, Le Monde and Le Figaro at launch.

Both programs now carry asterisks we cannot resolve from any fetchable source. The ads that funded the 2024 program's payouts ended in February 2026, and Perplexity has not said what that program pays now. And the Comet Plus roster is a launch-time fact: CNN sued in May 2026 after a compensation arrangement dissolved, and no current partner list is published where we can verify it.

The one clean consent-based deal on the record: a multi-year Getty Images license from October 2025, displaying Getty photos with attribution and source links, terms undisclosed.

Perplexity and your site: crawlers, citations and controls

What the declared bots do, what the Cloudflare episode means for trusting them, and how compensation ties to citations.

Perplexity documents two bots. PerplexityBot indexes for the answer engine: "designed to surface and link websites in search results on Perplexity", and per the docs "not used to crawl content for AI foundation models". Perplexity-User fetches when a user asks about a page, and the same page is unusually frank about it: "Since a user requested the fetch, this fetcher generally ignores robots.txt rules."

The documentation says robots.txt changes take up to 24 hours, and publishes IP lists (perplexitybot.json and perplexity-user.json) for WAF-level control, which matters because of the trust gap: Cloudflare's 2025 findings describe crawling that continues past blocks under an undeclared user agent. Blocking by IP list and firewall, not robots.txt alone, is the defensible posture here.

On the visibility side, Perplexity answers cite a handful of sources prominently, and citations are one of the three traffic types Comet Plus pays publishers for, which makes Perplexity the one AI surface where being cited has a stated price attached.

There is no Search Console equivalent: Perplexity offers site owners no citation reporting, so measurement means analytics referrer data and third-party tools. Our working guidance matches the other AI surfaces: citable, specific, well-structured pages earn the mentions, and no separate optimization discipline has evidence behind it.

Frequently asked questions

What is Perplexity?

An AI answer engine founded in 2022: ask a question and it searches the web, synthesizes an answer and cites sources. It runs other companies' models (Gemini, Claude and GPT variants have all been named in coverage) over its own search index, and since 2025 it also ships Comet, a browser with the assistant built in.

How many people use Perplexity?

The last figure Perplexity disclosed is 780 million queries in May 2025, about 30 million a day, growing more than 20% month over month at the time. Nothing newer is verifiable, and the 2026 user counts circulating on aggregator sites are estimates, not disclosures.

Is the Comet browser free?

Yes, since 2nd October 2025, on iPhone, Mac, Windows and Android (iPhone completed the set in March 2026). Some agentic extras, like the background assistant, stay behind the $200-a-month Max tier, and Comet Plus, the publisher-funding content subscription, is $5 a month or included with Pro and Max.

Does Perplexity show ads?

No. Sponsored follow-up questions launched in November 2024, and Perplexity confirmed in February 2026 that advertising is discontinued with "no plans to bring them back". The reversal matters for publishers because the 2024 publisher program shared ad revenue, and Perplexity has not said what that program pays with no ads to share.

How does Perplexity pay publishers?

Through Comet Plus, announced August 2025: 80% of the subscription's revenue goes to publishers from an initial $42.5 million pool, compensating human visits, search citations and agent actions. The older 2024 ad-revenue-share program ran in parallel with a different partner list. Both programs' current rosters and payouts are unverified as of August 2026, and one launch partner, CNN, has since sued.

How do I block Perplexity from my site, and does it work?

Block PerplexityBot in robots.txt to stay out of the answer engine's index; changes take up to 24 hours per Perplexity's docs. Know the limits: Perplexity-User, the on-demand fetcher, "generally ignores robots.txt rules" by Perplexity's own documentation, and Cloudflare's 2025 findings describe undeclared crawling past blocks. For enforcement, use the published IP lists and firewall rules rather than robots.txt alone.

Why is Perplexity being sued so much?

Eleven cases are on our tracked docket across the US, Japan and Italy. Most are publisher copyright suits over retrieval-augmented generation, one (Reddit's) targets the SERP-scraping supply chain under the DMCA, one (Italy's RTI and Medusa) targets model training, and Amazon's is a computer-access case about the Comet agent. The docket table above tracks the state of each.

What was the Perplexity bid for Google Chrome?

An unsolicited all-cash offer of $34.5 billion in August 2025, roughly double Perplexity's own valuation at the time, made while remedies in the US search antitrust case were being weighed. Perplexity said backers had agreed to fund it and pledged to keep Chromium open source. Google did not engage, and Comet went free worldwide seven weeks later.

Spotted a change we have not covered? Ranking volatility, a new SERP test, a platform change: email us a tip and we will credit you if we cover it.
Cite this page: Keywords Everywhere, "Perplexity Updates: Comet, Publisher Deals and the Legal Docket", last updated 13th Aug 2026, https://keywordseverywhere.com/news/perplexity-updates/